Rools is a project mainly written in Ruby, it's free.
Ruby Rools Rools is a pure Ruby rules-engine. Its goal is to abstracting business logic and program-flow. Rools is ideally suited to processing applications where the business logic undergoes frequent modification. This is a fork as the original has
= Rools -- A pure ruby rules-engine
Rools is a rules engine for abstracting business logic and program-flow. It's ideally suited to processing applications where the business logic undergoes frequent modification.
== RubyForge This documentation can be found at http://rools.rubyforge.org The project page can be found at http://rubyforge.org/projects/rools
== Example
require 'rools'
rules = Rools::RuleSet.new do
rule 'Hello?' do
parameter String
consequence { puts "Hello, Rools!" }
end
end
rules.assert 'Heya'
> Hello, Rools!
You can also store your rules in a separate file, and pass a path to Rools::RuleSet#new instead of a block. e.g.
require 'rools'
rules = Rools::RuleSet.new 'test/data/hello.rules'
rules.assert 'heya'
=== Parameter
The +parameter+ method accepts Constants and/or Symbols. Every constant in the list is called with :is_a? on the asserted object, while every symbol in the list is passed to :respond_to? on the asserted object. In other words:
parameter Person, :name, :occupation
Is effectively the same as:
condition { object.is_a?(Person) && object.responds_to?(:name) && object.responds_to?(:occupation) }
The +parameter+ method is obviously preferred for it's conciseness, and because the working set of rules can be optimized to only include for evaluation those rules whose parameters match the asserted object.
=== Condition
The +condition+ method is used to evaluate the asserted object. You can have any number of conditions. Rools::DefaultParameterProc#method_missing is used so that you can refer to the asserted object by practically any +lower_case_underscore+ name. Generally you'll want to use names that make sense in the context of the +Rule+, and be consistent through-out the +Rule+. Here's an example:
rule 'Programmer' do
condition { person.occupation == 'coder' }
consequence { puts "#{person} is a coder" }
end
Here's an example of something you might want to avoid:
rule 'Manager' do
condition { obj.occupation == 'manager' }
consequence { puts "#{manager} is a manager" }
end
Both examples are syntactically correct, but the first is easier to read.
=== Consequence
A consequence is a block of code that executes if the conditions evaluate to true. You can have one or more consequences. In the above examples we're doing something simple such as just printing something to the string in the consequences. Usually the consequence is something that will actually change the state of the asserted object in some way however.
rule 'User' do
parameter User, :failed_login_attempts
condition { user.failed_login_attempts > 3 }
consequence { user.lockout! }
end
Nevermind that this is application logic you'd probably keep in your domain model. The intent isn't to show you best-practices here, only to make the point that consequences usually modify state.
=== Assert
What happens if in a +consequence+, you need to create other objects though? You can use the +assert+ method in a +consequence+. Consider the following:
rule 'Message is Referral?' do
parameter :subject, :body
condition { message.subject == 'Sales Referral' }
condition { message.body =~ /^HowsdidsyoushearsaboutsbrandsX?/m }
consequence { assert Referral.new(message) }
end
rule 'Referral is Large Account' do
parameter Referral
condition { referral.annual_sales_volume > 100_000_000 }
consequence { referral.prioritize :high }
end
The first rule asserted a new +Referral+ object into the RuleSet. You could also assert into a completey different RuleSet however if you need to split them up to keep them manageable:
consequence { RuleSet.new('referral.rules').assert Referral.new(message) }
=== Extend
Problem: You have a sequence of rules that depend on each other:
rule 'Valid User' do
condition { user.valid? }
condition { user.password.size > 6 }
consequence { puts "#{user} is valid" }
end
rule 'Active User' do
condition { user.valid? }
condition { user.password.size > 6 }
condition { user.last_logon < 1.month.ago }
condition do
user.logins_for(:january).inject(0) do |sum, duration|
sum += duration
end > 5.minutes
end
consequence { puts "#{user} is active" }
end
rule 'Administrative User' do
condition { user.valid? }
condition { user.password.size > 6 }
condition { user.last_logon < 1.month.ago }
condition do
user.logins_for(:january).inject(0) do |sum, duration|
sum += duration
end > 5.minutes
end
condition { user.admin? }
consequence { puts "#{user} is an admin" }
end
This chain of rules quickly becomes rather cumbersome. To help, you can use the +extend+ -> +with+ syntax to enable chaining and branching rules. The same example as above could also be written this way: (extend rule_name with new_rule_name)
rule 'Valid User' do
condition { user.valid? }
condition { user.password.size > 6 }
consequence { puts "#{user} is valid" }
end
extend('Valid User').with('Active User') do
condition { user.last_logon < 1.month.ago }
condition do
user.logins_for(:january).inject(0) do |sum, duration|
sum += duration
end > 5.minutes
end
consequence { puts "#{user} is active" }
end
extend('Active User').with('Administrative User') do
condition { user.admin? }
consequence { puts "#{user} is an admin" }
end
In this simplistic example, it saves 11 lines (about a third), but in more complex examples you could easily end up with half the code. The first example could perform up to 11 condition checks for a valid, active, admin user. Because the extend syntax defers adding the dependent rules to the working set until the extended rule evaluates to true, the extend syntax would do the same work with only 5 comparisons (less than half the work). For expensive operations, such as file operations, regular expressions, or database calls, the extend syntax is potentially several times faster than the "brute-force" method, and the difference only becomes greater the larger your RuleSet.
It's important to remember that you can only extend rules within the same Rools::RuleSet.
You can also +extend+ a target rule +with+ several additional rules at once with a block:
extend('Active User') do
with 'Administrative User' do
condition { user.admin? }
consequence { puts "#{user} is an admin" }
end
with 'Customer User' do
condition { user.customer? }
consequence { puts "#{user} is a customer" }
end
end
Rule names are case-insensitive. It's important to give good descriptive names to rules as not only does it make maintaining them much easier, but it also gives you better logging, and makes +extend+ calls easier to follow.